My Story:

About Me

I have always been fascinated by the natural world. As a child, I would spend hours outside - swimming, running through the woods, climbing trees, building forts - the typical kid activities. These experiences led me to pursue a B.Sc. in Natural Resources at Northland College and a Ph.D. in Biology at the University of Vermont. I also worked as a fisheries technician for the USGS Lake Superior Biological Station and the Lake Erie Biological Station before beginning graduate school.

My choice of research topics is deeply personal and a lifetime in the making. Growing up in Wisconsin, I am no stranger to winter. However, not all winters were cold. In 2012, I remember jumping into the ice-free waters of Lake Superior in March - yes, I may be a little crazy. Two years later, a polar vortex produced record-high ice coverage on Lake Superior in March. Was this variability normal, or was change in the air? What effects might this variability have on fish and other aquatic organisms? How might shifting ecosystems influence fish conservation? These questions became the foundation of my career as a fish biologist. My research centers on addressing them through quantitative, modeling, and experimental approaches.

I was a Postdoctoral Associate with Mississippi State University and the Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. My primary project was developing a web-based application to provide data integration and analytics tools for invasive carps throughout the Mississippi River Basin.

I am currently a fisheries biologist with the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. My primary responsibility is managing fish communities within reservoirs across the northern region of Utah.

Personal Life

I am an avid outdoors enthusiast always looking for the next mountain to climb, or ski up (yes, up!) depending on the season with my wife, son, and dog. My free time is usually spent kayaking, alpine, backcountry, and nordic skiing, trail running, camping, biking, or fishing. During my less active time, you can usually find me sitting around a campfire, enjoying a craft beer, woodworking, gardening, or catching up on the latest R news.

Experience

Credit: Paul Vecsei

Reservoir Fish Management

As a reservoir fisheries biologist, I demonstrated comprehensive responsibility for designing, implementing, analyzing, and interpreting a multi-gear monitoring program supporting warm-, cool-, and cold-water fisheries, including multiple blue-ribbon fisheries. My management approach is grounded in applied decision-making, integrating biological data with stocking history, regulatory frameworks, and stakeholder considerations. Leveraging my quantitative background, I have applied advanced fisheries analyses to synthesize long-term datasets, communicate uncertainty, and anticipate trade-offs (e.g., harvest mortality versus growth dynamics), generating strategic management insights and structured decision-making pathways within complex reservoir systems. Additional responsibilities included developing and conducting research projects to address identified management needs, evaluating harvest regulations, enhancing fish habitat to improve population resilience during drought conditions, designing adaptive stocking strategies, and planning future modeling and creel survey efforts to balance angler satisfaction with long-term population sustainability.


KEY COLLABORATORS:
Christopher Penne
Clint Brunson

Primary Reservoirs Managed: Birch Creek, Causey, Cutler, East Canyon, Echo, Hyrum, Lost Creek, Mantua, Newton, Pineview, Porcupine, Rockport, Smith and Morehouse, Stateline, Whitney, Willard Bay, and Woodruff.

Spatial Ecology of Tiger Muskellunge

This project leveraged acoustic telemetry to quantify post-stocking survival, movement ecology, and habitat use of Tiger Muskellunge in Pineview Reservoir, Utah. A strategically designed receiver array and intracoelomic transmitter implantation in juvenile and adult fish generated high-resolution, multi-year detection data. By integrating survival estimates, seasonal movement networks, home range analyses, and mixed-effects modeling, the study moved beyond traditional snapshot sampling to establish a spatially explicit framework for evaluating recruitment bottlenecks and dispersal dynamics in a trophy esocid system. Findings informed adaptive stocking strategies (size-at-stocking, frequency, and timing), refined demographic estimates, and guided habitat enhancement under seasonal drawdowns and drought-driven habitat loss. The project demonstrated expertise in acoustic array design, surgical implantation, quantitative movement modeling, and applied fisheries management, exemplifying translational science that strengthened reservoir-scale decision-making.


KEY COLLABORATORS:
Christopher Penne
Clint Brunson
Muskies, Inc. Chapter 65 - Mountain West Muskie

Climate Adaptability of Freshwater Whitefishes

Freshwater whitefishes, Salmonidae Coregoninae (hereafter, coregonines), play important economic and ecological roles throughout the Northern Hemisphere; however, populations have declined over the past century. Coregonines generally spawn in late autumn, their embryos incubate over winter, and hatching occurs in early to late spring. Incubating coregonine embryos are sessile, leaving them vulnerable to predation and unable to evade adverse changes in winter environmental conditions. Through a series of laboratory experiments, we evaluated how climate-induced changes in aquatic ecosystems (i.e., water temperature and ice cover) may affect early-life development of coregonines across North America and Europe. We observed varying magnitudes of response among study groups, suggesting differential levels of developmental plasticity in response to climate change. We then developed temperature-dependent embryo development models to assess the potential impacts of projected increases in water temperature under three simulated future climate-warming scenarios. Our simulations demonstrated that relatively subtle changes in water temperature can translate into substantial shifts in coregonine reproductive phenology across study groups. In the absence of thermal adaptation, the phenological changes predicted by our models are likely to have negative implications for population sustainability throughout the twenty-first century, even under the lowest emissions scenario.


KEY COLLABORATORS:
Jason Stockwell
Mark Vinson
Emilien Lasne
Juha Karjalainen

Data Analytics Tools for Invasive Carps

The primary objective of this project was to develop a web-based application that provided data integration and analytics tools for invasive carps throughout the Mississippi River Basin. This work required maintaining a high level of communication with cooperating state, federal, and academic partners to address their specific data storage and analytical needs. Our goal was to enable cooperators to analyze standardized, interagency datasets, rapidly assess the distribution of invasive carps, and estimate key stock assessment metrics. Increasing access to rapid, regional-scale analyses of invasive carp data provided managers with additional capacity to conduct strategic planning, implement structured decision-making processes, and develop adaptive management programs. In addition, we pursued complementary side projects, including: (1) developing a simulation tool to estimate statistical power under varying future catch rates and sampling effort scenarios; (2) fitting gillnet selectivity models to quantify gear bias in invasive carp size structure analyses; and (3) developing a Bayesian belief network to support an adaptive decision-making framework for invasive carps in oxbow lakes within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley.


KEY COLLABORATORS:
Michael Colvin
Steve Miranda
Corey Dunn
Mark Rogers

   

Publications

* indicates undergraduate mentee
^ indicates awarded the Elsevier Student Author Award for Most Notable Paper in '21 Journal of Great Lakes Research

  1. Stewart, T.R., M. Zucchetta, J. Karjalainen, C. Goulon, O. Anneville, M.R. Vinson, J. Wanzenböck, and J.D. Stockwell. 2024. Winter is not coming: a model to evaluate impacts of changing winter conditions on coregonine spawning and embryo incubation. International Journal of Limnology. PDF
  2. Stewart, T.R., C. Brun, C. Goulon, J. Baer, J. Karjalainen, J. Guillard, and E. Lasne. 2024. Response of European whitefish embryos to thermal conditions diverges between peri-alpine populations. International Journal of Limnology. PDF
  3. Stewart, T.R., M.R. Vinson, and J.D. Stockwell. 2022. Effects of warming winter embryo incubation temperatures on larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) survival, growth, and critical thermal maximum. J. Great Lakes Res. PDF
  4. ^Stewart, T.R., M.R. Vinson, and J.D. Stockwell. 2021. Shining a light on Laurentian Great Lakes cisco (Coregonus artedi): how ice coverage may impact embryonic development. J. Great Lakes Res. 47(5):1410-1418. PDF
  5. Stewart, T.R., M. Mäkinen, C. Goulon, J. Guillard, T.J. Marjomäki, E. Lasne, J. Karjalainen, and J.D. Stockwell. 2021. Influence of warming temperatures on coregonine embryogenesis within and among species. Hydrobiologia. 848(18):4363-4385. PDF
  6. Lucke, V.S., T.R. Stewart, M.R. Vinson, J.D. Glase, and J.D. Stockwell. 2020. Spring larval Coregonus diets and zooplankton community patterns in the Apostle Islands, Lake Superior. J. Great Lakes Res. 46(5):1391-1401. PDF
  7. *Sorrentino, M.G., T.R. Stewart, J.E. Marsden, and J.D. Stockwell. 2020. Differential Lipid Dynamics in Stocked and Wild Juvenile Lake Trout. J. Great Lakes Res. 46(2):376-381. PDF
  8. Kraus, R.T., C.M. Holbrook, C.S. Vandergoot, T.R. Stewart, M.D. Faust, D. Watkinson, C. Charles, M. Pegg, E. Enders, and C.C. Krueger. 2018. Evaluation of Acoustic Telemetry Grids for Determining Aquatic Animal Movement and Survival. Methods Ecol. Evol. 9(6):1489–1502. PDF
  9. Stewart, T.R., D.H. Ogle, O.T. Gorman, and M.R. Vinson. 2016. Age, Growth, and Size of Lake Superior Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulterii). Am. Midl. Nat. 175(1):24–36. PDF

Technical Reports:
LEBS. 2016. Fisheries Research and Monitoring Activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2015. Prepared by B. Bodamer-Scarbro, W.H. Edwards, P.M. Kočovský, R.T. Kraus, M.W. Rogers, A.L. Schoonyan, and T.R. Stewart. Report of the Lake Erie Biological Station (LEBS) to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission at the Annual Meeting of Lake Committees, Ypsilanti, Michigan.
LEBS. 2015. Fisheries Research and Monitoring Activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2014. Prepared by B. Bodamer-Scarbro, W.H. Edwards, C. Gawne, P.M. Kočovský, R.T. Kraus, M.W. Rogers, and T.R. Stewart. Report of the Lake Erie Biological Station (LEBS) to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission at the Annual Meeting of Lake Committees, Ypsilanti, Michigan.

In Preparation (drafts available upon request):
Stewart, T.R., T.L. Cox, M.E. Colvin, C.G. Dunn, M.W. Rogers, and L.E. Miranda. Simulation tools for estimating statistical power to monitor invasive carps.

   

Click to expand photos

Gillnet on Willard Bay Reservoir, Utah

Surgically implanting acoustic transmitters in Tiger Muskie

Artificial fish habitat for Pineview Reservoir, Utah

Spawning Kokanee Salmon at Causey Reservoir, Utah

Walleye at Willard Bay Reservoir, Utah

Acoustic telemetry receivers and moorings

Electrofishing

Surgically implanting acoustic transmitters in juvenile Tiger Muskie

Brown Trout at Lost Creek Reservoir, Utah

Multiple age-classes of Kokanee Salmon observed at Lost Creek Reservoir, Utah

Artificial fish habitat for Pineview Reservoir, Utah

Tiger Muskie at Pineview Reservoir, Utah

New coregonine incubation method to standardize experiments between North America and Europe

Sampling for larval coregonines on Lake Superior

Sunrise during anchor watch on Lake Superior

Environmental chamber built for fish embryo incubations

Fertilizing Lake Ontario cisco eggs for temperature experiments (Credit: Taylor Brown)

Beaver swimming off Michipicoten Island, Lake Superior

Cisco embryo from Lake Ontario incubated under different photoperiod treatments

Deploying a SeaBird CTD on Minnesota's North Shore of Lake Superior

Bottom trawl catch from the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior

Under-ice light sensor deployment off Sand Island, Lake Superior

Lifting gillnets on Superior Shoal, Lake Superior

Teaching seining and fish tagging techniques to undergraduates